![]() Its work controlling erosion at North Carolina's Outer Banks led to it considering designation of Cape Hatteras, where not only beach-going but also fishing and hunting were already popular, as a national beach or national recreation area, but debate over the meaning of this status and how the land would be acquired by the NPS delayed action, as existing and expected development made it unsuitable for a national park. With a push for job-creating conservation programs during the Great Depression, the National Park Service expanded its role in managing national parks and national monuments to protecting historic sites and recreation areas, including coastlines. for public recreation purposes was in 1930, when Congress established "the principle of conserving the natural beauty of shore lines for recreational use" in northern Minnesota. The first federal protection of shoreline in the U.S. The Natural Resources Defense Council states that long-term planning for all sites must address erosion and visitor access. ![]() Warmer temperatures at the Great Lakes may result in continued drop in water levels, with unclear effects on the shoreline. ![]() All nine seashores on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico feature low-lying barrier islands, which could be submerged by rising sea levels, and storm surges from severe hurricanes can disintegrate the beaches. National seashores have experienced higher temperatures than in the past, with even hotter summers expected from the effects of climate change. Shorelines, both on oceans and lakes, are particularly vulnerable to natural change. Five seashores and lakeshores also include land more strictly protected as wilderness areas. The lakeshores and seashores have an emphasis on recreation, and most allow hunting and off-road vehicles, which is not permitted in national parks. These thirteen sites had a total visitation of 21.1 million people in 2017, led by Cape Cod at over 4 million visitors. The total areas protected by national seashores and lakeshores are approximately 595,000 acres (2,410 km 2) and 214,000 acres (870 km 2), respectively. The largest national seashore or lakeshore is Gulf Islands, at over 137,000 acres (550 km 2) the smallest is Fire Island, at 19,579 acres (79.23 km 2). Florida, North Carolina, and Michigan each have two. National seashores are located in ten states and national lakeshores are in two other states. Many also feature historic lighthouses and estates. While all of these protected sites have extensive beaches for recreation, they extend inland to include other natural resources like wetlands and marshes, forests, lakes and lagoons, and dunes. Point Reyes is the only national seashore on the Pacific coast. All of the national lakeshores are on Lakes Michigan and Superior, and nine of the ten national seashores are on the Atlantic Ocean, including two on the Gulf of Mexico. National seashores and lakeshores are coastal areas federally designated by Congress as being of natural and recreational significance as a preserved area. The United States has ten protected areas known as national seashores and three known as national lakeshores, which are public lands operated by the National Park Service (NPS), an agency of the Department of the Interior. Welcome sign on the beach at Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap
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