![]() Players are classified in their playing position according to their physical and physiological characteristics, their morphological and anthropometric characteristics, their somatotype and their psychological characteristics, such as impulsiveness. These limiting factors lead us to the hypothesis that developing players are more susceptible to competition time (CM), with varying baseline psychological states which might result in lower positive psychological characteristics, such as attention, concentration, self-confidence, and self-esteem. For this reason, the need exists to evaluate psychological abilities and to incorporate this evaluation in TR in order to improve sports performance. Both experienced players and developing players are susceptible to the influence of these psychological abilities on sports performance, but the latter are even more so. Anxiety and stress are factors which act against this attention and therefore against sports performance. The experience of athletes along with their motivational orientation positively influences focus of attention, and consequently, sports performance. Given that athletes and trainers seek to optimize sports performance through multiple factors, FS is a relevant object of study for accomplishing this goal. ![]() ![]() ![]() This author proposes that the three aforementioned dimensions be considered as pre-conditions and that the dimensions themselves be action-awareness merging, concentration on the task at hand, loss of self-consciousness, and autotelic experience, while transformation of time and autotelic experience would be consequences of flow, with autotelic experience falling between being a dimension in and of itself and also a consequence of FS.įS allows individuals to experience, in a positive way, their own sensations, perceptions and actions in association with certain functions such as cognition, emotion, fixing objectives and rewards processing. In this vein, Montero describes how some dimensions or characteristics could be considered as precursors of FS while others would be considered as consequences. Subsequently, the dimensions challenge-skills balance, clear goals, and unambiguous feedback were no longer considered as dimensions in themselves, but instead, as pre-conditions for FS. It is a multidimensional concept, a condition where the athlete approaches a situation or motor task under the best psychological conditions, and which implies new characteristics or dimensions (balance between challenge and skills, merging of action and awareness, clear goals, unambiguous feedback, concentration on the task at hand, sense of control, loss of self-consciousness, distortion of the sense of time, autotelic experience). This attention is very closely related to what the scientific community calls Flow State (FS), which can be defined as an optimum psychological state. The degree of attention that players demonstrate during training time (TR) is important for adequate learning and development. This work has contributed to increasing the knowledge of the fluctuation of the FS that negatively influence the soccer player in pre-competition states and the influence of various factors on this construct. In conclusion, the FS presented in CM is lower in U16 soccer players compared to that presented in TR. In clear goals dimension, forwards showed lower scores than other playing positions, and various dimensions had a positive relationship with academic performance. The results showed that the FS dimensions are higher before of the TR than before of the CM ( p < 0.05) in all playing positions. Data was collected for academic performance, physical and socio-demographic characteristics, and on two occasions, the dimensions of FS (before of a TR and CM). A total of 141 U16 soccer players were selected (14.7 ± 0.5 years). The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in FS dimensions in young soccer players between training time (TR) and official competition time (CM), according to the playing position and, to find relationships between FS dimensions and physical characteristics and academic performance. Flow State (FS) as well as other psychological characteristics influence sports performance (SP) and could be relevant according to the playing position in team sports, such as the soccer where players have different specific functions within the team.
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